Research efforts are dedicated to the in-depth study of Alzheimer's disease and related cognitive disorders, focusing on their pathogenesis and early intervention strategies. Utilizing animal models and human cell models, combined with advanced molecular biology techniques, the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease is being comprehensively investigated. In parallel, non-pharmacological interventions such as cognitive training and transcranial electrical stimulation are being explored for their potential effects and underlying neural mechanisms in improving cognitive function. Neuro electrophysiological and perceptual technologies are being employed to discover new avenues for the early diagnosis and treatment of cognitive disorders. Furthermore, a nationwide multicenter cognitive cohort study is underway to reveal the epidemiological characteristics and disease burden of cognitive disorders in China. To advance the scientific understanding and clinical application of cognitive disorders, a variety of research methodologies are being utilized, including neuroimaging, molecular biology, and epidemiology.